Characteristics of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations During Sea Fog Events   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

沈忱  黄健  刘寿东  王鑫  吕卫华  周小云 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2011,17(1):50-57

Based on the high-resolution datasets collected in a sea fog field experiment at the northern coast of South China Sea, the variations of liquid water content (LWC) and net longwave radiation flux (NLRF) during two sea fog events on 16th-17th and 18th-19th March, 2008 are exaimeed by wavelet analysis, and the cooling mechanisms for fog formation and persistence are also investigated. The main results are shown as follows. (1) Sea fog may develop and persist whether it is cloudy or not aloft. However, when there is cloud aloft the LWC is less and wind speed in sea fog is higher than that in the clear sky. (2) The quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) of NLRF are observed in the formation stage of the two fogs. QPOs of LWC are only found in the developing stage no matter with cloudless or cloudy condition. (3) It is likely that sea fog forms by the cooling effects of longwave radiation and develops through the vertical mixing induced by the radiative cooling at the upper level. (4) During sea fog development and persistence, other mechanisms could also play important roles in fog-layer cooling, such as turbulent heat transport and radiation transport between air-sea interfaces.  相似文献   

利用LM-BP神经网络估算西北地区太阳辐射   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李净  王卫东  张福存 《干旱区地理》2015,38(3)

气候、生态、水文等模型的应用需要空间连续分布的太阳辐射数据,由于地形等条件的制约,气象站点的分布有限,无法利用稀少的站点获得空间连续分布的辐射数据,而BP(Back-propagation)神经网络模型对太阳辐射具有很好的预测性,但以往的研究都是基于单个站点估算太阳辐射,而且BP神经网络模型存在收敛速度慢、学习时间长等问题,为解决BP算法存在的不足,采用LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)算法优化后的BP神经网络(简称LM-BP神经网络)结合DEM(Digital Elevation Model)数据估算西北地区128个气象站点2011年的太阳总辐射月均值,通过乌鲁木齐和银川两台站的实测数据进行验证,两台站的平均百分比误差分别为2.89%和3.24%,平均偏离误差分别为0.27 MJ·m-2和0.61 MJ·m-2,且拟合优度均0.90。该模型各项误差指标较小,估算精度较高。最后将模型模拟出的辐射值,结合已有的24个辐射站点的实测值进行空间插值,得到西北地区2011年逐月太阳辐射精细化空间分布图。  相似文献   

Accounting for the solar radiation in thermal regime prediction for railway subgrade in cold regions     

Alexander Isakov  Anna Lavrova 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(4):293-299

This paper presents a comparative analysis of simulation processes of seasonal freezing-thawing of railway subgrade and permafrost degradation, with and without accounting for solar radiation. Also, the effect of sun screens to reduce the degradation of subgrade permafrost under different climatic conditions is numerically substantiated. And finally, the temperature criterion of the origination of permafrost is illustrated.  相似文献   

3维场景植被冠层多波段模拟研究进展     

张阳  柳钦火  覃文汉  刘强  李静  杜永明  谢东辉  黄华国  杨乐  倪文俭 《遥感学报》2015,19(6):894-909

植被冠层辐射散射信号中蕴含了丰富的植被信息,通过构建植被冠层辐射散射模型,可以实现植被结构等生物物理参数的遥感定量反演。迄今为止,可见光/近红外、热红外、微波波段均已发展了大量的模型,这些模型在参数反演方面各具优势,但不同波段的模型又有其自身的局限性。跨波段的联合模拟可以实现模型间的优势互补,进而提高地表参数的反演精度,近年来已有学者专注于可见光/近红外与热红外模型,热红外与微波模型,主被动微波模型,以及可见光/近红外与微波模型的联合模拟和协同反演,但多是两两联合,且主要是基于经验模型或解析模型。基于3维场景的植被冠层辐射散射特性模拟模型可以细致刻画不同组分的结构和空间分布特征,对于由植被结构引起的多次散射和组分比例变化的考虑具有优势。本文主要介绍了3维模拟模型在可见光/近红外、热红外和微波波段,以及跨波段联合模拟方面的研究进展,从模型机理、场景统一、以及组分理化参数的统一的角度,探讨了构建多波段3维模拟系统的可行性,展望了多波段3维模拟模型的发展趋势。  相似文献   

基于Global Mapper的地貌晕渲图设计与制作     

郑洪彬  洪倩倩  林占云 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(8):180-182

地貌晕渲图是指利用数字高程模型（ DEM）来生成,可以很好地反映地形、地势的变化,具有较好立体感的地图。本文以地貌晕渲基本理论为出发点,利用Global Mapper软件实现对制图数据的地貌晕渲图自动生成。对制图区域内的地形地势特征,地貌晕渲图在计算机上实现的关键技术,整体性考虑对地貌晕渲图效果的影响,合理分析设置Global Mapper软件中的各类参数,并利用Photoshop软件对地貌晕渲图进行调整。  相似文献   

常州润华环球中心深基坑支护效果分析          下载免费PDF全文

宋珪  张海丰 《探矿工程》2015,42(12):44-47

常州润华环球中心基坑工程一区开挖深度达18 m,采用钻孔灌注排桩和内支撑作为支护结构。基坑施工过程中对基坑顶部的沉降位移和水平位移进行了监测。基坑工程施工结束后基坑顶部的沉降位移和水平位移达到稳定值（分别为25 mm和40 mm）,整体支护效果显著。但在基坑第三次开挖结束后第二道支撑构筑完成之前,基坑顶部的沉降位移和水平位移速率突然增大,直至第二道支撑构筑完成后增速才缓慢降低。提高第二道支撑的标高有利于降低基坑的变形,提高支护效果。  相似文献   

人体乳腺癌矿化的同步辐射研究     

孟繁露  李源  李艳  王长秋  鲁安怀  梅放 《岩石矿物学杂志》2015,34(6):957-962

同步辐射具有常规光源不可比拟的优良性能,可用于微量生物矿化样品的物相、结构、形貌和成分研究。本文利用基于同步辐射光源的X射线粉末衍射(SR-XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(SR-FTIR)、X射线荧光分析(SR-XRF)和X射线三维成像,对人体乳腺癌矿化进行了表征。研究表明,乳腺癌矿化的主要矿物物相为碳羟磷灰石,含有Sr、Zn等微量元素,其中砂粒体矿化具有独特的分层结构。研究结果为乳腺癌的病理研究和诊断提供了矿物学参考信息。  相似文献   

遥感的科学推动作用与重点应用领域   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wu Bingfang  Xing Qiang 《地球科学进展》2015,30(7):751-762

在调研国内外遥感案例的基础上,论述了遥感在推动地球系统科学发展方面的作用,及在我国的重点应用领域。遥感催生了全球变化研究,使得人类得以从新的视角来探索地球上的生命未来;遥感推动了地球科学从定性到定量、从描述到分析、从单站点到多时空尺度的变革,诸多新兴交叉学科应运而生。遥感是应用驱动的,一致性及可对比性是定量遥感的核心,也是遥感深化应用的基础。遥感应用于众多领域,但不同的国家基于各自的国情有不同的侧重点,其中,维护国家全球利益、灾害快速响应与灾后评估、第三方独立监督、保障国防安全是我国的应用重点。  相似文献   

基于波形相似特征的微地震事件初至拾取及全局校正          下载免费PDF全文

喻志超  谭玉阳  翟尚  冯方方  何川  侯贵廷 《地球物理学报》2019,62(12):4782-4793

微地震事件初至拾取是井下微地震监测数据处理的关键步骤之一.初至误差的存在会使微地震震源定位结果产生较大偏差,进而影响后续的压裂裂缝解释.通常初至拾取过程对所有的微地震事件选择相同的特征函数并采用一致的拾取参数进行统一处理,然而当事件的能量、震源机制、传播路径以及背景噪声等存在明显差异时,所得初至拾取结果差别显著.为了提高微地震事件初至拾取标准一致性,本文提出基于波形相似特征的初至拾取及全局校正方法.该方法首先利用互相关函数对每个事件内的各道记录进行时差校正,得到初始初至信息并形成叠加道,再对所有事件的叠加道进行全局互相关得到事件间初至相对校正量,最终初至结果可以通过各个事件的初始初至信息与其相对校正量相加得到.方法将所有微地震事件初至结果作为一个整体处理,从而能够克服常规方法初至拾取标准一致性差的缺陷.实际资料处理结果表明,相比于常规方法,该方法可以有效提高事件初至拾取和定位结果的一致性.  相似文献   

Scaling-laws of Radio Spike Bursts and Their Constraints on New Solar Radio Telescopestwo     

Tan Bao-lin  Cheng Jun  Tan Cheng-ming  Kou Hong-xiang 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2019,43(1):59-74

Radio observation is one of important methods in solar physics and space science. Sometimes, it is almost the sole approach to observe the physical processes such as the acceleration, emission, and propagation of non-thermal energetic particles, etc. So far, more than 100 solar radio telescopes have been built in the world, including solar radiometers, dynamic spectrometers, and radioheliographs. Some of them have been closed after the fulfillment of their primary scientific objectives, or for their malfunctions, and thus replaced by other advanced instruments. At the same time, based on some new technologies and scientific ideas, various kinds of new and much more complicated solar radio telescopes are being constructed by solar radio astronomers and space scientists, such as the American E-OVSA and the solar radio observing system under the framework of Chinese Meridian Project II, etc. When we plan to develop a new solar radio telescope, it is crucial to design the most suitable technical parameters, e.g., the observing frequency range and bandwidth, temporal resolution, frequency resolution, spatial resolution, polarization degree, and dynamic range. Then, how do we select a rational set of these parameters? The long-term observation and study revealed that a large strong solar radio burst is frequently composed of a series of small bursts with different time scales. Among them, the radio spike burst is the smallest one with the shortest lifetime, the narrowest bandwidth, and the smallest source region. Solar radio spikes are considered to be related to a single magnetic energy release process, and can be regarded as an elementary burst in solar flares. It is a basic requirement for the new solar radio telescope to observe and discriminate these solar radio spike bursts, even though the temporal and spatial scales of radio spike bursts actually vary with the observing frequency. This paper presents the scaling laws of the lifetime and bandwidth of solar radio spike bursts with respect to the observing frequency, which provide some constraints for the new solar radio telescopes, and help us to select the rational telescope parameters. Besides, we propose a spectrum-image combination mode as the best observation mode for the next-generation solar radio telescopes with high temporal, spectral, and spatial resolutions, which may have an important significance for revealing the physical essence of the various non-thermal processes in violent solar eruptions.  相似文献